Class 10 Economics Chapter 1: Development Important Questions

 Class 10 Economics Chapter 1: Development Important Questions 

ECONOMICS: CHAPTER 1 – DEVELOPMENT

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Q.1. Give examples to prove that there are other important developmental goals than income.

Ans. Example 1: If you get a job in a far off place, before accepting it, you would try to consider many factors, apart from income such as facilities for your family, school for your children, working atmosphere or opportunity to learn.

Example 2: A job may give you high pay but no job security and also no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom.

Example 3: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women, there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.

Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income about other important things in life like sense of security, freedom, opportunities, etc. but also

Q.2. "Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well." Is it true or not? Elucidate.

Ans. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well:

Besides income,

Ø People also seek things like equal treatment & freedom.

Ø Security and respect of others.

Ø They resent discrimination.

Ø One may desire their friendship.

Ø Adequate provision of basic health.

Ø Good educational facilities.

Q.3. Suggest some of the developmental goals for your locality or place you are residing?

Ans. The developmental goals for my locality con be as follows:

·        There should be a primary health centre in the locality.

·        There should be a school catering quality education up to higher secondary level for the children living nearby.

·        Government should construct pucca houses for people to be given them on subsidized cost.

·        All weather roads in the locality must be constructed and well maintained by the authority responsible for it.

·        There should be a provision of potable drinking water in each house in the locality.

Q.4. 'Per capita income is not considered a true measure of development.' Comment.

OR

What is per capita income? Can per capita income be considered real income of citizen?

Ans. When the total income of a country is divided by its total population, it is called per capita income or average income. It is not considered a true measure of development because of the following reasons:

a)   It does not tell us how this income is distributed as population is a variable component.

b)  Life expectancy and infant mortality rate can be used as other criteria for measuring development.

c)   Literacy rate and health status of people in the country can be the other criteria for measuring development.

d)  Corruption free society, gender equality pollution free environment, investment in the health and education sector etc. can be the other indicators of measuring development.

Q.5. What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the National development?

Ans. National development refers to the improvement of the life standards of a country's citizens through actualization of their different developmental goals: provision of a healthy, free, safe and dignified life to every citizen without any discrimination.

·        Under national development, the government decides what would be a fair and just for all citizens.

·        Under National development, only those programmes and policies are implemented which would benefit maximum number of people.

·        Under national development, national interests are prioritised over self-interests.

·        National development also entails inclusivity of citizens in decision making. Provision of compulsory health and educational facilities, affordable housing and food for every citizen.

·        National development also entails invoking feelings of belongingness, national unity among all communities.

Q.6. What is the criterion used by the UNDP for classifying countries?

Ans. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has used the criterion of Human Development Index to measure the development of countries. HDI is calculated on the basis of:

Ø Per capita income: When the total national income of the country is divided by its popular we get the per capita income.

Ø Life expectancy: It measures the average age of a person in a country. It helps us to know the health facilities of a country.

Ø Literacy rate: Education is also one of the most important criteria for the development of a country.

Ø Gross enrolment ratio: It measures the education gained at three levels at the primary secondary and higher education level.

Per capita income is also calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be compared easily. HDI has been calculated for about 189 countries. According to it, the rank of India is 130 and the rank of Sri Lanka is 73(2020), which is much better than that of India. We are required to make progress in the education and health sectors as yet.

Q.7. Explain the meaning of HDI. Mention the components of measuring HDI.

Or

What is human development? Explain its Indicators.

Ans.

HDI stands for Human Development Index. It may be defined as the process of widening people's choice as well as raising the level of well-being. The concept of HDI goes beyond income and growth to cover all human choices. It puts the people at the centre stage and covers all aspects of human development with the object of improving the conditions of people from all angles. It is a broader approach to development.

Components of measuring HDI

a)   Life Expectancy: It is the average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.

b)  Per Capita Income: Mean income of the people is an economic unit. It is calculated by dividing the total national income of a country by population. It is calculated in dollars for all the countries so that it can be compared.

c)   Literacy rate: UNDP measures literacy rate to calculate whether a country is developed or not. Higher literacy rate means easy availability of educational facilities which signals better development

d)  Infant mortality rate: Less infants dying due to abundance of medicinal and natal and post-natal facilities available easily to all citizens signal that the government of the country has provided adequate health facilities which translate to development.

e)   Gross Enrolment Ratio for Three Levels: It means enrolment ratio for primary schools. Secondary schools and higher education beyond secondary level.

Q.8. what do you understand by sustainability of development? What can be done to make development sustainable?

Ans.

a)     Sustainability of development means economic development without any damage to the environment.

b)    However, since the second half of the 20th century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels of development are not sustainable.

c)     To make development sustainable, non-renewable sources of energy are to be saved for the future generation. The development of the country would continue but the technology has to be made eco-friendly so that it does not harm the environment.

The End

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