Class 10, Geography, Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources - Important Questions

Class 10th Geography Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources

Important Questions

1.    How has the destruction of forests and wildlife resulted into the loss of cultural diversity?

Ans. The destruction of forests and wildlife resulted into the loss of cultural            diversity. This can be understood using the following points:

(a) The destruction of forests and wildlife has affected the livelihoods of various   communities which are directly and indirectly dependent on forests.

(b) In some areas, women are actively involved in fuel collection, fodder for their animals and water for their domestic needs. Due to degradation, they face hardships and become more vulnerable.

(c) The destruction of forests has resulted in severe droughts and floods, which have affected forest-dependent communities.

(d) People live in extreme poverty due to inequitable access and availability of resources in the regions.

(e) The conservation of forests and wildlife is essential to provide a better quality of life to people, plants animals and the society.

2.  "Forest and wildlife are vital to the quality of life and environment". Justify this statement by giving reasons.

Ans. The following are the major points proving how forests and wildlife are important for life on Earth.

(a) Food web: All the elements on Earth, living as well as non-living, comprise life on Earth. All living things are dependent on each other through the food web. Forests constitute a major part of this food web.

(b) Clean Air: Forests of the world maintain a balance in the air circulation and clean the atmosphere.

(c) Diversity: Environmental diversity helps in producing more cognitive results and provides a more variable society.

(d) Resource providers: Forests and wildlife provides us various resources from fuel, furniture, food and water to cleaner air.

(e) Source of Energy: They are a storehouse of energy and resources. We generate power through coal powered plants, hydroelectric plants, etc.

3. Underline the significance of the role played by Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 in protecting wildlife resources.

Ans. The contribution of WPA of 1972 in protecting wildlife resources is:

(a) The act has enabled the creation of a pan-India list of protected species.

(b) Central and State governments have established multiple wildlife sanctuaries and national parks to protect wildlife resources.

(c) Government has also announced various pan-Indian protection programmes to accord legal sanction and protection to animal species.

(d) This act has also helped in giving legal sanction to the protection campaigns run by local communities and rural people.

(e) The act has helped in conserving various species under threat protecting their habitats and ecological niches.

4. Mention the private and governmental steps taken to conserve forests and wildlife?

Ans:  In some areas of India, local communities are struggling to conserve forests and wildlife along with government officials, to secure their own livelihood.

(1) The famous Chipko Movement in the Himalayas was organised which has not only successfully resisted deforestation in several areas but has also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.

(2) Attempts to revive the traditional conservation methods or developing new methods of ecological farming are now widespread.

(3) In India, the Joint Forest Management (JFM) Programme furnishes as a good example for involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.

(4) Nature worship is an age-old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called 'Sacred Groves'.

(5) The Central Government has announced several projects for protecting specific animals. Which were gravely threatened including the tiger, one-horned Rhinoceros, etc.

5. Explain any five different categories of existing plants and animal species based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources with examples.

Ans: Classification of species of animals and plants:

(i) Normal Species: Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival are normal species.

     Examples: Cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc.

(ii) Endangered Species: These are species which are in danger of extinction. The survival of such species is difficult if the negative factors that have led to a decline in their population continue to operate.

      Examples: Black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion tailed        macaque, etc.

(iii) Vulnerable Species: These are species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future, if the negative factors continue to operate.

      Examples: Blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.

(iv) Rare Species: Species with small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate.

        Examples: Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox, hornbill, etc.

(v) Endemic Species: These are species which are only found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers.

      Examples: Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, mithun in  Arunachal Pradesh.

(vi) Extinct Species: These are species which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur. A species may be extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth.

        Examples: Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck.

6. What methods of conservation have been adopted by the Indian government?

Ans.

(i) In the 1960's and 1970's, conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme.

(ii) The Indian Wildlife Act was implemented in 1972, with provisions for protecting habitats.

(iii) An all India list of protected species was also published.

(iv) The thrust of the programme was on protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting activities, giving legal protection to their habitats and restricting trade in wildlife.

(v) Then the central and many state governments established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

(vi) The Central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals, which were gravely threatened like the tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag and crocodiles.

(vi) Recently the Indian elephant, black buck, the great Indian bustard and the snow leopard have been given full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade throughout India.

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 History Chapter 1 The raise of nationalism in Europe: Important Dates 

HISTORY CHAPTER 1 – THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

IMPORTANT DATES

1688: Monarchy was replaced by English Parliament.

1707: The Act of Union in the United Kingdom between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

1789: The French Revolution took place.

1797: Napoleon invaded Italy; Napoleonic wars began; Napoleonic code or civil code was introduced

1801: Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom.

1804: The Napoleonic Code was introduced.

1812: Grimm’s Fairy Tales- first edition was published.

1813: Battle of Leipzig

1815: The defeat of Napoleon by European powers - Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria; The Treaty of Vienna was signed; the conservative regimes were set up.

1821: Greek War of Independence

1830: July Uprising of France; Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent Programme for a Unitary Italian Republic.

1831: Polish Rebellion against Russia

1832: Treaty of Constantinople and Greece was recognized as an independent nation.

1834: Formation of Zollverein

1848: Revolution of Liberals; Frederic Sorrieu prepared prints of "Democratic and Social Republic"; Frankfurt Parliament was convened in church of St. Paul.

1859-1870: Unification of Italy.

1861: Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy.

1866-1871: Unification of Germany

1867: Habsburg rulers granted more autonomy to the Hungarians

1871: Kaiser William I was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.

1914: First World War began.

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 Class 10 Economics Chapter 1: Development Important Questions 

ECONOMICS: CHAPTER 1 – DEVELOPMENT

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Q.1. Give examples to prove that there are other important developmental goals than income.

Ans. Example 1: If you get a job in a far off place, before accepting it, you would try to consider many factors, apart from income such as facilities for your family, school for your children, working atmosphere or opportunity to learn.

Example 2: A job may give you high pay but no job security and also no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom.

Example 3: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women, there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.

Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income about other important things in life like sense of security, freedom, opportunities, etc. but also

Q.2. "Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well." Is it true or not? Elucidate.

Ans. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well:

Besides income,

Ø People also seek things like equal treatment & freedom.

Ø Security and respect of others.

Ø They resent discrimination.

Ø One may desire their friendship.

Ø Adequate provision of basic health.

Ø Good educational facilities.

Q.3. Suggest some of the developmental goals for your locality or place you are residing?

Ans. The developmental goals for my locality con be as follows:

·        There should be a primary health centre in the locality.

·        There should be a school catering quality education up to higher secondary level for the children living nearby.

·        Government should construct pucca houses for people to be given them on subsidized cost.

·        All weather roads in the locality must be constructed and well maintained by the authority responsible for it.

·        There should be a provision of potable drinking water in each house in the locality.

Q.4. 'Per capita income is not considered a true measure of development.' Comment.

OR

What is per capita income? Can per capita income be considered real income of citizen?

Ans. When the total income of a country is divided by its total population, it is called per capita income or average income. It is not considered a true measure of development because of the following reasons:

a)   It does not tell us how this income is distributed as population is a variable component.

b)  Life expectancy and infant mortality rate can be used as other criteria for measuring development.

c)   Literacy rate and health status of people in the country can be the other criteria for measuring development.

d)  Corruption free society, gender equality pollution free environment, investment in the health and education sector etc. can be the other indicators of measuring development.

Q.5. What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the National development?

Ans. National development refers to the improvement of the life standards of a country's citizens through actualization of their different developmental goals: provision of a healthy, free, safe and dignified life to every citizen without any discrimination.

·        Under national development, the government decides what would be a fair and just for all citizens.

·        Under National development, only those programmes and policies are implemented which would benefit maximum number of people.

·        Under national development, national interests are prioritised over self-interests.

·        National development also entails inclusivity of citizens in decision making. Provision of compulsory health and educational facilities, affordable housing and food for every citizen.

·        National development also entails invoking feelings of belongingness, national unity among all communities.

Q.6. What is the criterion used by the UNDP for classifying countries?

Ans. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has used the criterion of Human Development Index to measure the development of countries. HDI is calculated on the basis of:

Ø Per capita income: When the total national income of the country is divided by its popular we get the per capita income.

Ø Life expectancy: It measures the average age of a person in a country. It helps us to know the health facilities of a country.

Ø Literacy rate: Education is also one of the most important criteria for the development of a country.

Ø Gross enrolment ratio: It measures the education gained at three levels at the primary secondary and higher education level.

Per capita income is also calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be compared easily. HDI has been calculated for about 189 countries. According to it, the rank of India is 130 and the rank of Sri Lanka is 73(2020), which is much better than that of India. We are required to make progress in the education and health sectors as yet.

Q.7. Explain the meaning of HDI. Mention the components of measuring HDI.

Or

What is human development? Explain its Indicators.

Ans.

HDI stands for Human Development Index. It may be defined as the process of widening people's choice as well as raising the level of well-being. The concept of HDI goes beyond income and growth to cover all human choices. It puts the people at the centre stage and covers all aspects of human development with the object of improving the conditions of people from all angles. It is a broader approach to development.

Components of measuring HDI

a)   Life Expectancy: It is the average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.

b)  Per Capita Income: Mean income of the people is an economic unit. It is calculated by dividing the total national income of a country by population. It is calculated in dollars for all the countries so that it can be compared.

c)   Literacy rate: UNDP measures literacy rate to calculate whether a country is developed or not. Higher literacy rate means easy availability of educational facilities which signals better development

d)  Infant mortality rate: Less infants dying due to abundance of medicinal and natal and post-natal facilities available easily to all citizens signal that the government of the country has provided adequate health facilities which translate to development.

e)   Gross Enrolment Ratio for Three Levels: It means enrolment ratio for primary schools. Secondary schools and higher education beyond secondary level.

Q.8. what do you understand by sustainability of development? What can be done to make development sustainable?

Ans.

a)     Sustainability of development means economic development without any damage to the environment.

b)    However, since the second half of the 20th century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels of development are not sustainable.

c)     To make development sustainable, non-renewable sources of energy are to be saved for the future generation. The development of the country would continue but the technology has to be made eco-friendly so that it does not harm the environment.

The End

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 CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes - Minerals and Energy Resources

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes - Minerals and Energy Resources

Study Material and Notes of Chapter 5 Mineral and Energy Resources Class 10th Geography
Class 10th Geography Notes will give the students a detailed account of the chapter 5 - Mineral and Energy Resources. These notes are prepared by a MB Tutorial Digapahandi to give students a quick overview of the chapters in short and precise manner. MB Tutorial provides class 10 Social Science  notes chapter wise in a pdf format which students can download from the website. These notes help the students to  memories key concepts and speed up quick revision.

To download notes of class 10 geography chapter - Forest and Wildlife, click on the link given below.👇👇👇  

Gender, Religion and Caste Notes political science class 10 CBSE

 CBSE Class 10 Political Science Notes Chapter 3 will give the students a detailed account of the chapter 3 -Gender, Religion and Caste. These notes are prepared by MB Tutorial -Digapahandi to give students a quick overview of the chapters in short and precise manner. MB Tutorial provides class 10 history notes chapter wise in a pdf format which students can download from the website. These notes help the students memories key concepts and speed up quick revision. 

Study Material and Notes of Ch 3 Gender, Religion and Caste Class 10th Political Science.

 Sectors of the Indian Economy Notes pdf Class 10 Economics

Sectors of the Indian Economy class 10 notes, Class 10 economics chapter 2 notes.  Here we will be learn about Economic Activities, Primary Sector, Secondary Sector, Tertiary Sector, Gross Domestic Product, Disguised Unemployment, MGNREGA Act 2005, Organized Sector, Unorganized Sector, Public Sector, Private Sector etc.

 Metals and Non-metals notes CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Notes pdf

Study Material and Notes of Ch 3 Metals and Non-Metals Class 10th Science

Topics in the Chapter 

• Physical Properties

→ Metals
→ Non-Metals
• Chemical Properties of Metals
→ Reaction of metals with air
→ Reaction of metals with water
→ Reaction of metals with acids (Dilute)
→ Reaction of Metals with Solutions of other Metal Salts
• Reactivity Series
→ Reaction of Metals with Non-metals
• Ionic compounds
→ Properties of Ionic Compounds
→ Occurrence of Metals
• Extraction of Metals from Ores
• Steps Involved in Extraction of Metals from Ores
→ Important terms
→ Refining of metals
• Corrosion
→ Process of Prevention of Corrosion