Class 10 Economics Chapter 1: Development Important Questions
ECONOMICS:
CHAPTER 1 – DEVELOPMENT
IMPORTANT
QUESTIONS
Q.1.
Give examples to prove that there are other important developmental goals than
income.
Ans. Example 1: If you get a job in a far off place, before
accepting it, you would try to consider many factors, apart from income such as
facilities for your family, school for your children, working atmosphere or
opportunity to learn.
Example 2: A job may give you high pay but no job security and also no time
for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom.
Example 3: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household
and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect
for women, there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of
women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to
take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
Hence, the developmental goals
that people have are not only about better income about other important things
in life like sense of security, freedom, opportunities, etc. but also
Q.2.
"Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may
need to live well." Is it true or not? Elucidate.
Ans. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to
live well:
Besides income,
Ø People also seek things like equal treatment & freedom.
Ø Security and respect of others.
Ø They resent discrimination.
Ø One may desire their friendship.
Ø Adequate provision of basic health.
Ø Good educational facilities.
Q.3.
Suggest some of the developmental goals for your locality or place you are
residing?
Ans. The developmental goals for my locality con be as follows:
·
There should
be a primary health centre in the locality.
·
There should
be a school catering quality education up to higher secondary level for the
children living nearby.
·
Government
should construct pucca houses for people to be given them on subsidized cost.
·
All weather
roads in the locality must be constructed and well maintained by the authority
responsible for it.
·
There should
be a provision of potable drinking water in each house
in the locality.
Q.4.
'Per capita income is not considered a true measure of development.' Comment.
OR
What
is per capita income? Can per capita income be considered real income of
citizen?
Ans. When the total income of a country is divided by its total
population, it is called per capita income or average income. It is not
considered a true measure of development because of the following reasons:
a)
It does not
tell us how this income is distributed as population is a variable component.
b)
Life
expectancy and infant mortality rate can be used as other criteria for
measuring development.
c)
Literacy rate
and health status of people in the country can be the other criteria for
measuring development.
d)
Corruption
free society, gender equality pollution free environment, investment in the
health and education sector etc. can be the other indicators of measuring
development.
Q.5.
What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the National
development?
Ans. National development refers to the improvement of the life
standards of a country's citizens through actualization of their different
developmental goals: provision of a healthy, free, safe and dignified life to
every citizen without any discrimination.
·
Under
national development, the government decides what would be a fair and just for
all citizens.
·
Under
National development, only those programmes and policies are implemented which
would benefit maximum number of people.
·
Under
national development, national interests are prioritised over self-interests.
·
National
development also entails inclusivity of citizens in decision making. Provision
of compulsory health and educational facilities, affordable housing and food
for every citizen.
· National development also entails invoking feelings of belongingness, national unity among all communities.
Q.6.
What is the criterion used by the UNDP for classifying countries?
Ans. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has used the
criterion of Human Development Index to measure the development of countries.
HDI is calculated on the basis of:
Ø Per capita income: When
the total national income of the country is divided by its popular we get the
per capita income.
Ø Life expectancy:
It measures the average age of a person in a country. It helps us to know the
health facilities of a country.
Ø Literacy rate: Education is
also one of the most important criteria for the development of a country.
Ø Gross enrolment ratio:
It measures the education gained at three levels at the primary secondary and
higher education level.
Per
capita income is also calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be
compared easily. HDI has been calculated for about 189 countries. According to
it, the rank of India is 130 and the rank of Sri Lanka is 73(2020), which is
much better than that of India. We are required to make progress in the education
and health sectors as yet.
Q.7.
Explain the meaning of HDI. Mention the components of measuring HDI.
Or
What
is human development? Explain its Indicators.
Ans.
HDI
stands for Human Development Index. It may be defined as the process of
widening people's choice as well as raising the level of well-being. The
concept of HDI goes beyond income and growth to cover all human choices. It
puts the people at the centre stage and covers all aspects of human development
with the object of improving the conditions of people from all angles. It is a
broader approach to development.
Components of measuring HDI
a)
Life
Expectancy: It is the
average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.
b)
Per Capita
Income: Mean income of the people is an
economic unit. It is calculated by dividing the total national income of a
country by population. It is calculated in dollars for all the countries so
that it can be compared.
c)
Literacy
rate: UNDP measures literacy rate to
calculate whether a country is developed or not. Higher literacy rate means
easy availability of educational facilities which signals better development
d)
Infant
mortality rate: Less
infants dying due to abundance of medicinal and natal and post-natal facilities
available easily to all citizens signal that the government of the country has
provided adequate health facilities which translate to development.
e)
Gross
Enrolment Ratio for Three Levels:
It means enrolment ratio for primary schools. Secondary schools and higher
education beyond secondary level.
Q.8.
what do you understand by sustainability of development? What can be done to
make development sustainable?
Ans.
a)
Sustainability
of development means economic development without any damage to the
environment.
b)
However,
since the second half of the 20th century, a number of scientists have been
warning that the present type, and levels of development are not sustainable.
c) To make development sustainable, non-renewable sources of energy are to be saved for the future generation. The development of the country would continue but the technology has to be made eco-friendly so that it does not harm the environment.
The End
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