OAVS & CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development Notes
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| Resources and Development |
OAVS & CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development Notes
Geography
Chapter 1 – Resources and Development
Resources:
Everything
available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called
a resource. It should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and
culturally acceptable can be termed as a ‘Resource’. Examples: minerals,
forests, fossil fuels etc.
Development of Resources:
Resources
have been used by human beings indiscriminately and this has led to the
following major problems.
- Depletion of resources to
satisfy the greed of a few individuals.
- Accumulation of resources in a
few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two segments i.e. have
and have not or rich and poor.
- It has led to global ecological
crises such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental
pollution and land degradation.
Sustainable Development:
Sustainable
economic development means that ‘development should take place without damaging
the environment and development in the present should not compromise with the
needs of future generation’.
Rio
de Janeiro earth summit, 1992:
In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio De
Janeiro in brazil for the first international earth summit. The summit was
convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-
economic development at the global level. The assembled leaders signed the
declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio
Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for
achieving Sustainable Development in the 21th century
Agenda
21:
Agenda 21 is a non-binding
action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development. The two principles of Agenda 21 were.
Achieving global sustainable development. Combat environmental damage, poverty,
disease through global co- operation on common interests, mutual needs and
shared responsibilities.
Resource Planning:
In India, there are
some regions which can be considered self-sufficient in terms of the
availability of resources and there are some regions which have an acute
shortage of some vital resources. This calls for balanced resource planning at
the national, state, regional and local levels.
Resource Planning in India:
Resource planning is a
complex process which involves:
(i) Identification
and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves
surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement
of the resources.
(ii) Evolving a
planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional
set-up for implementing resource development plans.
(iii) Matching the
resource development plans with overall national development plans.
Five year plans launched after independence.
Indian resource development depends on technology, quality of human resources
and historical experiences of people.
Conservation
of Resources:
Conservation of
resources is vital for any developmental activity. Irrational consumption and
overutilization lead to socio-economic and environmental problems.
Gandhiji’s view- there is enough for every
body’s need and not for anybody’s greed.
He placed the greedy selfish and exploitative
nature the root cause for resource depletion. He was against mass production
and wanted to replace it with the production of masses.
Land Resources:
Importance
of land: perform
all economic activities on land it’s a natural resource supporting natural
vegetation, wildlife, economic activities, transport and communication
systems.it is an asset of finite magnitude.
Relief features: variety
of relief features in India. Plains covering 43%
area, Mountains covering 30% area, Plateaus 27% area it possesses rich reserves
of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.
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