Class 9th , Economics, Chapter 1- The Story Of Palampur - Important Questions
CLASS 9TH,
ECONOMICS – THE STORY OF PALAMPUR
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q.1. Define Physical Capital,
Fixed Capital, Working Capital and Human Capital with examples.
Ans.
(i) Physical capital: Physical capital is the variety of
inputs required at every stage during production. It includes fixed capital and
working capital.
(ii) Fixed capital: Tools and machines range from a plough
to a tractor and sophisticated machines like generators, turbines, computers,
etc. The tools, machines, buildings which can be used in production over many
years are called fixed capital.
(iii) Working capital: Production requires a variety of raw materials. It requires money
to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand
are called working capital. Unlike tools and machines, these are used up in
production. For example, Yarn required by a weaver, clay used by a potter.
(iv) Human capital: One needs knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together
land. labour and physical capital and produce an output; either to use it by
oneself or to sell in the market. This is known as human capital, which enables
better production with human skill and knowledge.
Q.2. Explain the four
requirements for production of goods and services. Explain the importance of
any one.
Ans. Four requirements:
(i) Land and other resources: - Land, water, forests and minerals
(ii) Labour: - i.e. people who carry out work.
(iii) Physical capital: - It includes tools, machines, buildings
and working capital like raw material.
(iv) Human capital: - Population which is educated,
healthy and trained. Human capital is the most important requirement.
Importance of human capital:
1) Human capital is the most important as
it can make use of other capitals.
2) Knowledge and enterprise are used to
put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output.
Q.3. What are the merits and
demerits of the Green Revolution?
Ans. Merits of the Green
Revolution
- Green Revolution introduced a number of modern farming methods in India.
- Higher yield due to the use of HYV seeds.
- Machines like harvesters, tractors and
threshers have made ploughing and harvesting faster and easier.
- Higher yield enabled farmers to sell
the surplus food in the market and earn more.
- Pesticides and insecticides are able to
protect the crops from pests and insects
- A good irrigation system is able to
enhance crop production.
Demerits of the Green Revolution
- Loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilisers.
- Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the water table below the ground.
- The chemical fertilisers, easily soluble in water, can dissolve in the groundwater and pollute it.
- They can kill bacteria and other micro-organisms helpful for the soil.
- Excessive use of fertilisers can also make the soil alkaline and unfit for cultivation
Q.4. How do medium and large
farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from small farmers?
Ans.
a) Most small farmers have to borrow money
to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders
or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest
on such loans is very high and these farmers are in great stress to repay the
loans taken.
b) In contrast to the small farmers,
medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They use this
savings to arrange for next year's capital and make high profits by selling
surplus production and earning higher amounts. Sometimes, they deposit their
savings in a bank or lend their money to small farmers or save their savings or
buy cattle, truck or to set up shops.
Q.5. which non-farm
activities are practised in Palampur? Write a short note.
Ans. The non-farm activities of
Palampur are:
a) Dairy farming
- People feed their buffaloes with various kinds of grass, jowar, bajra that grows during the rainy season.
- The milk is sold in nearby villages.
- Some people have set up collection centres and chilling centres from where milk is transported to far away towns and cities.
b) Small-scale manufacturing
- Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a small scale.
- They are carried out mostly at home.
- This is mostly done with the help of
family labour. Labour is rarely hired.
c) Shopkeeping
1. Shopkeepers buy various goods from the
wholesale market in the cities and sell them in the village.
2. Small general stores in the village
sell a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, oil, biscuits, soap,
batteries, candles, toothpaste, pens, pencils, notebooks, and even some
clothes.
3. Some families whose houses are closer
to the bus stand have used a part of the space to open small shops. They sell
eatables here.
d) Transport
1. Rickshawallahs, tongawullals, jeep,
tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock carts and
bogeys are the people in transport services.
2. They carry people and goods from one
place to another and in return get paid for it.
3. The number of people in transport
services have risen over the last several years.
e) Self-employed
Some people have opened coaching
institutes for various kinds of arts like computer training centres or
stitching classes, etc. to obtain profit from a non-farm activity and train
more and more people for better opportunities in their lives.
Q.6. Modern farming methods
require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?
Ans.
(i) The Green Revolution in the late 1960s
introduced the Indian farmers to the cultivation of wheat and rice using High
Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds compared to the traditional seeds
(ii) HYV seeds promised to produce much greater
amounts of grain on a single plant. As result, the same piece of land would now
produce far more quantity of food grains than that was possible earlier.
(iii)
Tubewells are set up for irrigation, and the farmers use pesticides
and chemical fertilizers in farming which are produced in industries.
(iv)
Farm machinery like tractors, threshers, harvesters, which made
ploughing and harvesting faster, are also being used as modern farming methods,
which are also manufactured in the industries
Q.8. Explain any four efforts
which can be made to increase non-farming production activities in villages.
OR
The government must develop
more production activities to enhance employment opportunities in villages.
Mention five such suitable activities and give reason for each.
OR
What can be done so that more
non-farming production activities can be started in villages?
Ans. Efforts made to increase
non-farming production activities are:
1. Infrastructure: Increased infrastructure is the most
important priority for the future.
2. Regulatory restrictions on small scale sector: Small scale sector especially in rural
areas needs to be protected by capital investment restrictions so that they are
not taken away by corporates.
3. Forward and backward linkages: Forward linkages of the non-farming sector
serves as inputs to other sectors. In backward linkages the non-farming sector
demands the outputs.
4. Quality of manpower: Education and health of the people especially in rural areas need
to be looked after.
Q.9. Explain the role of
infrastructure for the development of the rural economy.
Ans. Role of infrastructure in the
development of economy:
(i) Electricity provides power to run
tube well and other agricultural machines.
(ii) Education provides knowledge and technology
for development of manufacturing industries.
(iii) Roads provide connectivity with
markets.
(iv) Banks and financial infrastructure
provides loan facility.
(v)Insurance and communication provide
stability and routine functioning.
Q.10. How has electricity
become the base of all economic and non-economic activities in rural areas?
Ans. Electricity has become the base of
all economic and non-economic activities in rural areas especially for
agriculture in the following manner:
(i) With electricity tube wells can be run
to meet the demand of water.
(ii) Mechanical inputs like threshing
machine, etc, can easily be managed.
(iii) Apart from this, Farmers could use internet to find the best prices
of their crop for non-farm activities.
(iv)
This could attract many entrepreneurs to set up industries over
here.
(v)
With such combination facilities life could become easier.
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